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What Is Activated Carbon
May 07,2026
Activated carbon is a general term for carbon materials with developed pore structure, large specific surface area, rich surface chemical groups and strong specific adsorption capacity, which are prepared from wood, coal, petroleum coke and other carbon containing raw materials through pyrolysis and activation.
It is usually a porous amorphous carbon in powder or granular form with strong adsorption capacity. It is obtained by carbonizing solid carbonaceous materials (such as coal, wood, hard nut shell, nut core, resin, etc.) at a high temperature of 600-900 ℃ under the condition of air isolation, and then oxidizing and activating them with air, carbon dioxide, water vapor or a mixture of the three under the condition of 400-900 ℃.
Carbonization volatilizes substances other than carbon, and oxidation activation can further remove residual volatile substances, generate new and expanded original pores, improve micropore structure and increase activity. Carbon activated at low temperature (400 ℃) is called l-carbon, and carbon activated at high temperature (900 ℃) is called h-carbon. H-carbon must be cooled in an inert atmosphere, otherwise it will be converted into l-carbon. The adsorption performance of activated carbon is related to the chemical properties and concentration of gas, activation temperature, activation degree, inorganic composition and content in activated carbon during oxidation activation, and mainly depends on the properties and activation temperature of activated gas.
The carbon content, specific surface area, ash content and pH value of the aqueous suspension of activated carbon all increase with the increase of activation temperature. The higher the activation temperature, the more complete the volatilization of the residual volatile matter, the more developed the microporous structure, and the larger the specific surface area and adsorption activity.
The composition and content of ash in activated carbon have great influence on the adsorption activity of carbon. Ash is mainly composed of K2O, Na2O, Cao, MgO, Fe2O3, Al2O3, P2O5, SO3, Cl -, etc. the ash content is related to the raw materials for preparing activated carbon, and the ash content in carbon increases with the removal of volatile matter in carbon.
By 2007, the annual output of activated carbon in the world had reached 900 KT, of which coal based (Qualitative) activated carbon accounted for more than 2 / 3 of the total output; China's annual output has exceeded 400kt, ranking first in the world, and the United States, Japan and other countries are also the world's major producers of activated carbon.
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